Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb
agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb (kata kerja) dengan subject kalimat
dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak). Subjek dapat berupa noun (kata benda), pronoun
(kata ganti), atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund
dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan
singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak)
menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak).
Secara
umum pada bentuk present tense, singular verb berupa base form (bentuk dasar)
dari verb dengan ditambahkan ending (akhiran) -s. Adapun pada plural verb tanpa
ditambahkan ending -s (sebaliknya, plural subject ditambahkan ending -s).
Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang
ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he,
she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you
dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak (tidak termasuk verb “be” (was, am)
pada “I”).
No
|
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
|
1
|
The sun rises. (Matahari
terbit.)
|
2
|
The stars shine. (Bintang
bersinar.)
|
3
|
Leo rarely eats white
bread. (Leo jarang makan roti putih.)
|
Namun jika ada helping verb, maka
helping verb-nya yang berubah sedangkan main verb dalam bentuk dasar (base form
verb). Pilihan helping verb dalam bentuk tunggal-jamak-nya adalah is-are,
does-do, dan has-have. Khusus untuk has-have, agreement tidak berlaku jika kata
tersebut merupakan second helping verb atau digunakan dibelakang helping verb
lainnya.
No
|
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
|
1
|
My boss always comes on time.
(Bos saya selalu datang tepat waktu.) |
2
|
They like eating out. (Mereka suka makan diluar.)
|
3
|
He is working. (Dia sedang
bekerja.)
|
4
|
I do submit the task. (Saya
harus mengirimkan tugas tersebut.)
|
5
|
The manager has checked the documents.
(Manager telah mengecek dokumen-dokumen tersebut.) |
6
|
I will have been sleeping for an hour when
you arrive.
(Saya akan sudah tidur selama satu jam ketika kamu tiba.) has-have TIDAK BERLAKU |
Sedangkan pada past tense, tidak ada perbedaan bentuk
kata kerja dalam hal number (tunggal atau jamak) jika tidak ada helping verb, yaitu: was-were.
No
|
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
|
1
|
The cat was sleeping. (Kucing
itu sedang tidur.)
|
2
|
We were roasting
corn. (Kita sedang membakar jagung.)
|
3
|
She drove
fast. (Dia mengebut.) TIDAK BERLAKU
|
Adapun jika kata kerja yang digunakan
berupa linking verb, maka is, am (khusus I), was (past tense) digunakan oleh
singular subject, sedangkan are dan were (past tense) oleh plural subject.
No
|
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
|
1
|
Ricky is smart. (Ricky
pintar.)
|
2
|
The children are naughty. (Anak-anak
itu nakal.)
|
3
|
I was a stamp
collector. (Saya dulu pengoleksi prangko.)
|
4
|
My books were borrowed
by him. (Buku-buku saya dipinjam dia.)
|
Permasalahan
pada Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb
agreement menjadi membingungkan ketika
dihadapkan pada persoalan seperti: subjek berupa collective noun,
compound subject, plural form dengan makna singular, dan indefinite pronoun.
Selain itu, ada pula phrase atau clause yang menyela subjek dan kata kerja
sehingga cukup dapat membingungkan didalam penentuan agreement-nya.
No
|
Subject-Verb Agreement
|
Contoh Subject-Verb Agreement
|
1
|
Collective Noun
|
|
Collective noun merupakan
kata benda yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu nama kumpulan (terdiri
dari lebih dari satu anggota). Sebagai subjek, kata benda ini dapat
singular atau plural tergantung konteks.Jika anggota kumpulan melakukan hal
yang sama secara serentak, maka kata benda ini dianggap sebagai suatu
kesatuan subjek dengan singular verb.
Sebaliknya, bila anggota dari kumpulan bertindak secara individual, maka dianggap sebagai subjek jamak dengan kata kerja yang jamak pula. |
The team is going
on holiday now. [Artinya: Para anggota team sedang pergi berlibur (bersama-sama) sekarang.] |
|
The team are going
on holiday now. [Artinya: Para anggota tim sedang berlibur (masing-masing) sekarang.] |
||
Subject
verb agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number.
This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.
Subject/Verb Agreement Examples
Here are some examples of subject verb
agreement (the subject is bolded and the verb underlined):
- My dog always growls at the
postal carrier.
- Basketballs roll across
the floor.
- I don’t understand the
assignment.
- These clothes are too small for
me.
- Peter doesn’t like vegetables.
Compound Subjects
Compound subjects (two subjects in the
same sentence) usually take a plural verb, unless the combination is treated as
singular in popular usage or the two subjects refer to the same thing or
person.
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with compound
subjects:
- Sugar and flour are needed
for the recipe.
- Neither my dad nor my brothers know how
to ski.
- Pepperoni and cheese are great
on a pizza.
- Corned beef and cabbage is a
traditional meal in Ireland. (popular usage)
- The creator and producer is arriving
soon. (both refer to same person)
When using “or” or “nor” in a compound
subject containing a singular and plural subject, the verb agrees with the
closest subject. Examples of compound subjects using or, neither-nor, or
either-or include:
- My mom or dad is coming
to the play. (singular)
- Neither gray nor white is my
favorite color. (singular)
- Either Grandpa or my sisters are going
to the park. (closest subject is plural)
- Either my sisters or Grandpa is going
to the park. (closest subject is singular)
- Neither she nor I am going to
college. (closest subject is singular)
Singular Indefinite Pronouns
Here are some examples of subject verb
agreement with singular indefinite pronouns:
- Each gets a trophy
for playing.
- Somebody will
pay for this.
- Anybody is more
fun than you.
- Something is very
wrong here.
- Everybody enjoys a
good book.
- Nothing has been
determined as of yet.
Plural Indefinite Prounouns
Here are some examples of subject verb
agreement with plural indefinite pronouns:
- Both are qualified
for the job.
- Many went to the
beach and got sunburned.
- Few know what it
really takes to get ahead.
- Several are already on
location.
- Some sugar is required
for taste. (sugar is uncountable so singular verb used)
- Most of the cookies were eaten.
(cookies are countable so plural verb used)
Midsentence Phrase or Clause
Here are some examples of subject verb
agreement with a phrase or clause between the subject and verb:
- A theory of physics ascertains that
a body in motion stays in motion.
- A virus in all the company’s computers is a
real threat to security.
- The causes of this prevalent disease are bad
diet and lack of exercise.
- The couch and chair I got at the store look really
nice in here.
- The members of the choir are very
happy with the performance.
Collective Nouns
Collective nouns can be singular or
plural depending on meaning. Here are some examples of subject verb agreement
with collective nouns:
- The committee meets here every
Thursday. (singular)
- The crowd is getting angry.
(singular)
- The jury has finally reached a
decision. (singular)
- The majority rules most of the
time. (plural)
- The staff have gone their
separate ways for the holidays. (plural)
Inverted Subjects
Here are some examples of subject verb
agreement with inverted subjects where the subject follows the verb:
- There are seven clean plates in
the dining room.
- There is a hair in my
lasagna.
- Over the rainbow flies a bird.
- How are the employees enjoying
the new building?
- A good gift is a gift card.
Referensi:
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